Iron Gas
Iron Gas
Uses And Health Effects Of Iron
The period in human history beginning in about 1200 B.C. is called the Iron Age as it was at about this time that humans first learned how to use iron metal. But in some ways, one could refer to the current era as the New Iron Age as iron is probably the most widely used and most important metal today. No other metal is available to replace iron in all its many applications. Iron is a transition metal. The transition metals are typical metals in that they tend to be bright, shiny, silvery solids. They all tend to conduct heat and electricity well. And they usually have high melting points.
Iron normally does not occur as a free element in the earth. In fact, iron was not of much value to humans until they learned how to free iron from its compounds. Once they could do that, humans were able to make tools, weapons, household implements, and other objects out of iron. This step marked the beginning of the Iron Age. Some meteorites are very rich in iron. Iron is most valuable not as a pure metal, but in alloys. An alloy is made by melting and mixing two or more metals. The mixture has properties different from those of the individual metals. The best known and most widely used alloy of iron is steel which contains iron and at least one other element. Today, specialized steels of all kinds are available for many different applications.
Ancient Egyptians had learned how to use iron before the First Dynasty, which began in about 3400 B.C. The Egyptians probably found the iron in meteorites. Meteorites are chunks of rock and metal that fall from the sky. Some meteorites are very rich in iron. The Egyptians made tools and jewelry out of iron. Iron is probably the most widely used and most important metal today. Iron was also known to early Asian civilizations. In Delhi, India, for example, a pillar made out of iron built in A.D. 415 still stands. It weighs 6.5 metric tons and remains in good condition after nearly 1,600 years.
Early Chinese civilizations also knew about iron. Workers learned to produce iron as early as 200 B.C. A number of iron objects, including cannons, remain from the Han period (202 B.C. to A.D. 221). The Bible also includes many mentions of iron. For example, a long passage in the book of Job describes the mining of iron. Other passages tell about the processing of iron ore to obtain iron metal. By the time of the Roman civilization, iron had become an essential metal. The historian Pliny (A.D. 23-79) described the role of iron in Rome:
It is by the aid of iron that we construct houses, cleave rocks, and perform so many other useful offices of life. But it is with iron also that wars, murders, and robberies are effected, and this, not only hand to hand, but from a distance even, by the aid of weapons and winged weapons, now launched from engines, now hurled by the human arm, and now furnished with feathery wings. Even from the earliest days, humans probably seldom used iron in a pure form. It was difficult to make iron that was free of impurities, such as carbon (charcoal) and other metals. More important, however, it became obvious that iron with impurities was a stronger metal that iron without impurities.
It was not until 1786, however, that scientists learned what it was in steel that made it a more useful metal than iron. Three researchers, Gaspard Monge (1746-1818), C. A. Vandermonde, and Claude Louis Berthollet (1748-1822) solved the puzzLe. They found that a small amount of carbon mixed with iron produced a strong alloy. That alloy was steel. Today, the vast amount of iron used in so many applications is used in the form of steel, not pure iron. Ancient Egyptians had learned how to use iron before the First Dynasty, which began in about 3400 B.C. The chemical symbol for iron is Fe. That symbol comes from the Latin name for iron, ferrum.
Iron is a silvery-white or grayish metal. It is ductile and malleable. It is one of only three naturally occurring magnetic elements. The other two are nickel and cobalt. Iron has a very high tensile strength. Iron is also very workable. Workability is the ability to bend, roll, hammer, cut, shape, form, and otherwise work with a metal to get it into a desired shape or thickness. The melting point of pure iron is 1,536°C (2,797°F) and its boiling point is about 3,000°C (5,400°F). Its density is 7.87 grams per cubic centimeter. The melting point, boiling point, and other physical properties of steel alloys may be quite different from those of pure iron.
Iron is a very active metal. It readily combines with oxygen in moist air. The product of this reaction, iron oxide (Fe2O3), is known as rust. Iron also reacts with very hot water and steam to produce hydrogen gas. It also dissolves in most acids and reacts with many other elements. Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Its abundance is estimated to be about 5 percent. Most scientists believe that the Earth's core consists largely of iron. Iron is also found in the Sun, asteroids, and stars outside the solar system.
The most common ores of iron are hematite, or ferric oxide (Fe2O3); limonite, or ferric oxide (Fe2O3); magnetite, or iron oxide (Fe3O4); and siderite, or iron carbonate (FeCO3). An increasingly important source of iron is taconite. Taconite is a mixture of hematite and silica (sand). It contains about 25 percent iron. The largest iron resources in the world are in China, Russia, Brazil, Canada, Australia, and India and the largest producers of iron from ore in the world are China, Japan, the United States, Russia, Germany, and Brazil. Iron is one of only three naturally occurring magnetic elements.
There are four naturally occurring isotopes of iron, iron-54, iron-56, iron-57, and iron-58. Six radioactive isotopes of iron are known also. Two radioactive isotopes of iron are used in medical and scientific research. They are iron-55 and iron-59. These isotopes are used primarily as tracers in studies on blood. A tracer is a radioactive isotope whose presence in a system can easily be detected. The isotope is injected into the system. Inside the system, the isotope gives off radiation. That radiation can be followed by detectors placed around the system. Iron-55 and iron-59 are used to study the way in which red blood cells develop in the body. These studies can be used to tell if a person's blood is healthy.
Iron goes through a number of stages between ore and final steel product. In the first stage, iron ore is heated with limestone and coke (pure carbon) in a blast furnace. A blast furnace is a very large oven in which the temperature may reach 1,500°C (2,700°F). In the blast furnace, coke removes oxygen from iron ore. The limestone removes impurities in the iron ore. Iron produced by this method is about 91 to 92 percent pure. The main impurity left is carbon from the coke used in the furnace. This form of iron is known as pig iron. Pig iron is generally too brittle (it breaks too easily) to be used in most products. Most scientists believe that the Earth's core consists largely of iron.
A number of methods have been developed for purifying pig iron. A common method used today is called the basic oxygen process. In this process, pig iron is melted in a large oven. Then pure oxygen gas is blown through the molten pig iron. The oxygen burns off much of the carbon in the pig iron. Although now outdated, iron stoves were once the primary source of heat for homes, as well as a means for cooking. A small amount of carbon remains in the iron. The iron produced in this reaction is known as steel.
The term "steel" actually refers to a wide variety of products. The various forms of steel all contain iron and carbon. They also contain one or more other elements, such as silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Two other steel-like products are cast iron and wrought iron. Cast iron is an alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon. Wrought iron contains iron and any one or more of many other elements. In general, however, wrought iron tends to contain very little carbon.
It would be impossible to list all uses of iron and steel products. In general, those products can be classified into categories: (1) automotive; (2) construction; (3) containers, packaging, and shipping; (4) machinery and industrial equipment; (5) rail transportation; (6) oil and gas industries; (7) electrical equipment; and (8) appliances and utensils. Some iron is made into compounds. The amount is very small compared to the amount used in steel and other iron alloys. Probably the fastest growing use of iron compounds is in water treatment systems. The terms ferric and ferrous refer to two different forms in which iron occurs in compounds. Some of the important iron compounds are.
Uses of some of the compounds of iron may be mentioned as: ferric acetate is used in the dyeing of cloth; ferric ammonium oxalate is used in blueprints, ferric arsenate is an insecticide, ferric chloride is used in water purification and sewage treatment systems, dyeing of cloth, coloring agent in paints, additive for animal feed, etching material for engraving, photography, and printed circuits; ferric chromate is used as yellow pigment (coloring) for paints and ceramics, ferric hydroxide is brown pigment for coloring rubber and use in water purification systems; ferric phosphate is fertilizer; additive for animal and human foods, ferrous acetate is used in dyeing of fabrics and leather besides being wood preservative; ferrous gluconate is used as a dietary supplement in "iron pills; ferrous oxalate is yellow pigment for paints, plastics, glass, and ceramics, and photographic developer; ferrous sulfate is used in water purification and sewage treatment systems; catalyst in production of ammonia; fertilizer; herbicide; additive for animal feed; wood preservative; additive to flour to increase iron levels.
Iron is of critical importance to plants, humans, and animals. It occurs in hemoglobin, a molecule that carries oxygen in the blood. Hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs, and carries it to the cells. In the cells, oxygen is used to produce energy the body needs to survive, grow, and stay healthy. The U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (USRDA) for iron is 18 milligrams. The USRDA is the amount of an element that a person needs to stay healthy. Iron is available in a number of foods, including meat, eggs, and raisins.
An iron deficiency (lack of iron) can cause serious health problems in humans. For instance, hemoglobin molecules may not form in sufficient numbers. Or they may lose the ability to carry oxygen. If this occurs, a person develops a condition known as anemia. Anemia results in fatigue. Severe anemia can result in a lowered resistance to disease and an increase in heart and respiratory (breathing) problems. Some forms of anemia can even cause death.
About the Author
Dr. Badruddin Khan teaches Chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
Can I season my cast iron skillet on a gas grill?
I just bought a cast iron skillet and I need to season it. I was wondering if it can be done on a gas grill instead of an oven (I don't want to fill the house with smoke from the oven). I figured it would be pretty much the same since the point of seasoning is to open the pan's pores and fill them with oil, but I am not certain. If I can do it on the grill, what temperature should I use and how should I position the pan?
I don't see why not.
Rub the pan with the oil.
Get the grill hot.
(May as well do dinner while you are at it.)
I would place the pan upside down on the grill. ( The only reason I say that is because I put my pan upside down in the oven so me, being me would do it the same way on the grill.)
Once the pan is on the grill and hot shut it off and leave the pan there over night.
Iron Gas
Kotelyzer 91 Auto Mini Gas Soldering Iron
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Electronics DIY Gas Soldering Iron $13.99 Specification:Ideal for emergency repairs or use where electricity isn't easily accessibleAnti-slip hard rubber handle for more safetyRefillable from butane lighter gas (8ml)On-off switch, replaceable tip450 Degrees C, 1300 Degrees C flame maximum temperature |
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Brinkmann 22401 Gas Grill Cast Iron Burner Grill Accessory $59.87 This MCM Replacement Cast Iron Pipe Burner fits certain Brinkmann and Charmglow BBQ Gas Grills. Burner dimensions: 16.25 . |
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30W-70W Electronics DIY Gas Soldering Iron $13.27 - Ideal for emergency repairs or use where electricity isn't easily accessible- Refillable from butane lighter gas - On-off switch, replaceable tip |
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Cunningham Gas 35262 Porcelain Cast Iron Grids $232.05 Porcelain Cast Iron Grids. Size: 2 x 18 x 12 (24 total). |
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Cunningham Gas 35282 Porcelain Cast Iron Grids $179.01 Porcelain Cast Iron Grids. Size: 2 x 16 x 11.5 (23 total). |
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7-in-1 Multifunctional Pen-shaped Gas Soldering Iron - HT-1934K $34.29 Overview:Model: HT-1934KConvenient tool for household, workshop and officeCorresponds with ergonomic characteristics, and rather portable, easy to useCan be used as soldering iron, 4 kinds of tips for various usageTemperature of flame: 1300 ℃Temperature of iron: 450 ℃Gas capacity: 6mlComes with a Chinese manualSpecification:Size: 16 x 2.2 x 2.2cmNetweight: 0.06kg |
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Cunningham Gas 35243 Porcelain Cast Iron Grids $295.04 Porcelain Cast Iron Grids. Dimensions: 3 x 18 x 10 (30 total). High quality components. Satisfaction ensured. |
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Blk Iron InGround Match Lit Fire Pit Kit-Nat Gas $123.99 24 Inch Black Iron InGround Match Lit Fire Pit Kit, Natural Gas Burning Basics Building your own fire-pit? This easy to use match lit kit provides all the essential materials needed to build your very own install an in ground match lit gas fire pit. You design the surrounding! Install on brick, ground, cement, or any heat-safe surface. Just place the kit into your fire pit enclosure and hook it up to your gas source. Kit Features and Benefits: Black Iron Fire Ring Plumbing Fittings Valve with Polished Brass Key &Flange Ideal for Fire Pits 30 Inches and Larger Match Lit Strongest and Best Flame Available 3 Year Warranty All units are Natural Gas but can be converted to operate with Propane. The propane unit offered here is a Natural Gas Fire Kit shipped with a Propane Tank Converter. |
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Premium Pen Gas Soldering Iron - 507A-JET (Orange) $9.49 Overview:Model: 507A-JETConvenient tool for household, workshop and officeCorresponds with ergonomic characteristics, and rather portable, easy to useTemperature of flame: 1300 ℃Gas capacity: 3.5gHeight of flame: 20-65mmOperating time: 50-80 minsSpecification:Size: 15.5 x 2.3 x 2.3cmNetweight: 0.045kg |
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30W-100W Gas Soldering Iron (Blue) $17.89 Overview:Color: BlueConvenient tool for household, workshop and officeCorresponds with ergonomic characteristics, and rather portable, easy to useSpecification:Size: 18 x 2.5 x 2.5cmNetweight: 0.078kg |
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Wetekom Micro-Gas Soldering Iron Set for Lighter Gas $13.49 Complete set for hobby, school or workshop for soldering, shrinking, for material shaping or as heating measurer. Comprising:soldering iron (130 x 23 mm)burner nozzle for open flame (10-25 mm)soldering tip holderwith 2 soldering tips (1 x pointed, 1 x flattened)16 g solder spoolstand. |
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Iron Bridge over Canal, Gas Basin, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom, Europe $29.99 Jean Brooks Iron Bridge over Canal, Gas Basin, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom, Europe - Photographic Print |
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Weber Cast Iron Griddle For Genesis E And S Series Gas Grills $54.99 Weber - Grill Accessories - 7532 - This sturdy, porcelain-enamel coated cast-iron griddle will expand your grilled menu options (no seasoning of the grate required!). Pancakes and sausage, anyone? Fits 2007 Genesis E and S series gas grills. Griddle dimensions are 20 x 13.5 x 2. |
Outdoor Warmth and Cooking with Gas Patio Heaters and Gas BBQ Grills
Have you ever prepared for an evening on the patio only to be sent hurrying indoors by a sudden chill? If so, don't let it happen to you again. Just choose one of the many gas patio heaters on the market and never worry about the cold again. And while you're at it, pick up a gas barbeque grill to bring the unique flavour of juicy steaks and other grilled delights to your next outdoor event.
One of life's great pleasures is sitting outside in the garden or on the patio and taking in the warmth of a summer's day or evening. When you factor in some tasty outside cooking in the form of a barbecue, then the pleasure is enhanced many fold. The only problem is the weather. Here in the UK, the weather is capricious as best and many a planned patio party has been spoiled by a sudden cold front unexpectedly sweeping in.
Fortunately, there's an easy and economical solution. Gas patio heaters can quickly warm up any patio however cold the weather. Powered by a propane gas bottle, a patio heater can provide warmth for everyone in the surrounding area.
These patio heaters come in the form of a tall structure with a conical form on top which help radiate the heat downwards. The gas cylinders are contained in the base. A quality model will pump out some 45-50,000 BTUs which is enough to keep anyone warm in a 20-foot diameter. This can ramp up the temperature by a toasty 10-20 degrees Fahrenheit which is more than enough for chill autumn evenings.
Most models feature wheels for portability. When not in use, you can just wheel it away for safekeeping. Modern patio heaters are also very safe and very quiet.
All in all, a quality patio heater helps you get the most out of your patio by extending the useful time you're able to spend there.
Of course your patio is the ideal place for barbecues and this is another area where gas excels. Gas barbeque grills usually take the form of a trolley on wheels with the cooking area on top and a space for the gas cylinder underneath.
A gas barbeque offers many advantages. It's capable of producing the highest cooking temperatures, and as a result can handle the broadest range foods.
Also it provides precise control over the cooking temperature to ensure the meat is grilled quickly and properly. And unlike say, charcoal barbecues, gas items light up immediately. They're also far cleaner. For one thing they don't produce any of the annoying smoke that some fuels do.
Your choice of gas barbecue depends on how many people you plan to cook for. You can get a whole range of sizes from a portable gas barbecue through to a 6-burner cast iron gas barbecue. As a rule of thumb, you need around 100 BTUs for every square inch of cooking space. A 400 square inch area is a good medium size for small parties.
The modern gas barbeque come with a range of features such as fold down side table to give you the space for cooking but fold away when not in use. Another handy option is a swing away warming rack to keep your freshly grilled meats toasty.
So any time you want to cook up a feast of out on the patio, just hitch up a gas barbecue to a propane gas bottle and you've got a cooker par excellence. An 11kg propane gas cylinder is ideal for both outdoor cooking and patio heating.
Your patio is a very special place in your home so you need to be sure you're getting the most out it. Using gas patio heaters to create a cosy ambience and gas BBQ grills to grill up a feast, you're sure to have many happy days and evenings on your patio in the future.
Take a look at the many models of gas BBQ grills and gas patio heaters available. You're sure to find something suitable for your needs. You can find the best deals at the web sites of the UK's leading dealers. Just place your order online for prompt delivery and get ready for some grand times on the terrace.
About the Author
Kathryn Dawson writes articles for Flogas, a national LPG supplier and a store selling a range of gas BBQ grills from leading brands at fantastic prices. Explore their gas patio heaters and table top patio heaters for both domestic and commercial uses; you can also select a propane gas bottle to add to your purchases. With all these quality products, Flogas is definitely a one stop shop that has something for every lifestyle and budget.
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Lodge Logic L8SGP3 Pre-Seasoned Square Grill Pan $19.99 The one thing that probably discourages more people from purchasing and using cast iron is maintenance. Like carbon steel woks, cast iron cooking pieces require "seasoning." To many this is a mysterious or overly time-consuming process. Even if you treasure fond memories of eggs and pancakes cooked in grandmother's ancient, blackened skillet, you might have no idea how to turn your new pan into su... |
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Lodge Logic LPGI3 Pro 20-by-10-7/16-Inch Cast-Iron Grill/Griddle $45.17 Lodge Logic, 20" x 10-7/16", Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Pro-Grid Griddle With Reversible Cooking Surfaces, Smooth and Raised-Rib, Ready to Use, No Seasoning Required, Both Cooking Surfaces Feature A Slight Slope For Drainage Into A Generous Grease Gutter, Use On Camp Stove Or Inside On Gas Or Electric Range, Individually Boxed.... |
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Lodge Pro Logic Cast Iron 14 Pizza Pan, Black $32.99 USA Pan Deep Dish Pizza Pan... |
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Golden Pops 1968 Part 3 { with Book } Japanese Import CD with 20 Page Book with Lyrics & Photos. SONG LIST: 1. WOMAN WOMAN - GARY PUCKETT |
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Norpro Tin Heat Diffuser $3.58 If you're cooking a delicate sauce, or melting chocolate, it's imperitave to use really low, gentle heat. This diffuser adds a layer of protection between the burner and the bottom of the pan, yet its perforations do allow heat to get through.... |
Iron Gas